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93 . Const. P. 642/2023 (D.B.) Fatima Noor V/S Dow University of Health Science and Others Sindh High Court, Karachi Coming to the main case, it is also a well-founded proposition of law that when an inquiry is conducted on charges of misconduct by a public servant, the Court is concerned with determining whether the inquiry was held by a competent officer or whether rules of natural justice are complied with. Whether the findings or conclusions are based on some evidence, the authority entrusted with the power to hold inquiry has jurisdiction, power, and authority to reach a finding of fact or conclusion. But that finding must be based on some evidence. Neither the technical rules nor proof of the fact or evidence from the Stricto-Sensu, apply to disciplinary proceedings. When the authority accepts that evidence and summary acquire support therefrom, the disciplinary authority is entitled to hold that the delinquent officer is guilty with the charge, however, that is matter on the procedure provided under the relevant rules rather than otherwise, for your reason that the Court in its power of judicial review does not work as appellate authority to re-enjoy the evidence and to arrive at its independent findings within the evidence.

Life imprisonment can be an alternative into the death penalty. In such cases, the convicted person is sentenced to invest the remainder of their natural life behind bars.

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These past decisions are called "case legislation", or precedent. Stare decisis—a Latin phrase meaning "let the decision stand"—may be the principle by which judges are bound to this sort of past decisions, drawing on set up judicial authority to formulate their positions.

States also generally have courts that deal with only a specific subset of legal matters, such as family legislation and probate. Case law, also known check here as precedent or common regulation, is definitely the body of prior judicial decisions that guide judges deciding issues before them. Depending to the relationship between the deciding court and also the precedent, case legislation might be binding or merely persuasive. For example, a decision with the U.S. Court of Appeals for that Fifth Circuit is binding on all federal district courts within the Fifth Circuit, but a court sitting in California (whether a federal or state court) will not be strictly bound to follow the Fifth Circuit’s prior decision. Similarly, a decision by one particular district court in New York is just not binding on another district court, but the original court’s reasoning might help guide the second court in reaching its decision. Decisions because of the U.S. Supreme Court are binding on all federal and state courts. Read more

(Interview by email, with Ahmad Rafay Alam, a leading environmental lawyer and activist in Pakistan, August 28th, 2015). Furthermore, the ruling placed a notice and comment restriction on government companies in regards to projects that could perhaps pose a public risk. This case is also noteworthy, “because it laid down the foundations of all potential public interest litigation introduced before courts for environmental protection.” To cite only one example, following this case, the Supreme Court, citing the Zia decision, found during the Salt Miners Case (decided on 12th July, 1994) that the right to have water free from pollution and contamination is a right to life itself.

Any court may seek out to distinguish the present case from that of a binding precedent, to reach a different conclusion. The validity of such a distinction may or may not be accepted on appeal of that judgment to some higher court.

Accessing free case regulation sites in Pakistan is essential for legal professionals, students, and anybody seeking to understand Pakistani legal precedents.

2. I have read the learned counsel with the parties as well as learned DPG at duration, perused the record and noticed that:-

Online access to some statewide search of adult criminal case information within the juvenile & domestic relations district courts, criminal and traffic case information in general district courts and select circuit courts. Note: Payments cannot be made using this system.

Article 199 in the Constitution allows High Court intervention only when "no other satisfactory remedy is provided by law." It really is effectively-settled that an aggrieved person must exhaust readily available remedies before invoking High Court jurisdiction, regardless of whether People remedies suit them. The doctrine of exhaustion of remedies prevents unnecessary High Court litigation. Read more

Furthermore, it addresses the limitation period under Article 91 and 120 of your Limitation Act, focusing on when plaintiff to seek cancellation. The importance of deciding application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC based solely on plaint averments in highlighted, excluding extrinsic material at this stage. Read more

These judicial interpretations are distinguished from statutory legislation, which are codes enacted by legislative bodies, and regulatory regulation, which are recognized by executive companies based on statutes.